Главное разведывательное управление (ссср)
– The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was nominally a union of national republics, but its government. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 and this established the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and started the Russian Civil War between the revolutionary Reds and the counter-revolutionary Whites. In 1922, the communists were victorious, forming the Soviet Union with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian, following Lenins death in 1924, a collective leadership and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin suppressed all opposition to his rule, committed the state ideology to Marxism–Leninism. As a result, the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization which laid the foundation for its victory in World War II and postwar dominance of Eastern Europe. Shortly before World War II, Stalin signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany, in June 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at battles such as Stalingrad. Soviet forces eventually captured Berlin in 1945, the territory overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Eastern Bloc. The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Soviet bloc confronted the Western states that united in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949. Following Stalins death in 1953, a period of political and economic liberalization, known as de-Stalinization and Khrushchevs Thaw, the country developed rapidly, as millions of peasants were moved into industrialized cities. The USSR took a lead in the Space Race with Sputnik 1, the first ever satellite, and Vostok 1. In the 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, the war drained economic resources and was matched by an escalation of American military aid to Mujahideen fighters. In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost. The goal was to preserve the Communist Party while reversing the economic stagnation, the Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1989 Soviet satellite countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist regimes. This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well, in August 1991, a coup détat was attempted by Communist Party hardliners. It failed, with Russian President Boris Yeltsin playing a role in facing down the coup. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states
2. 1918 год – As of the start of 1918, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Below, events of World War I have the WWI prefix, january 4 – Finland officially recognized by the Russian SFSR. January 8 – Woodrow Wilson delivers his Fourteen Points speech, january 12 – Finland enacts a Mosaic Confessors law, granting Finnish Jews civil rights. January 15 – The keel of HMS Hermes is laid in Britain, january 18 Russian Constituent Assembly meets. The Historic Concert for the Benefit of Widows and Orphans of Austrian and Hungarian Soldiers at the Konzerthaus, january 19 – Russian Constituent Assembly proclaims Russian Democratic Federative Republic, but is dissolved by Bolshevik government on same day. January 22 – The Ukrainian Peoples Republic declares independence from Bolshevik Russia, january 27 – The Finnish Civil War begins. January –1918 flu pandemic, Spanish flu first observed in Haskell County, February 1 – The Cattaro Mutiny sees Austrian sailors in the Gulf of Cattaro, led by two Czech Socialists, mutiny. February 5 – The SS Tuscania is torpedoed off the Irish coast, it is the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed, February 6 – Womens suffrage in the United Kingdom, Representation of the People Act gives most women over 30 the vote. February 14 – Russia switches from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, February 16 – The Council of Lithuania adopts the Act of Independence of Lithuania, declaring Lithuanias independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. February 19 – WWI, Capture of Jericho by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the British occupation of the Jordan Valley, February 19-25 – WWI, The Imperial Russian Navy evacuates Tallinn through thick ice over the Gulf of Finland. February 21 – The last captive Carolina parakeet dies at the Cincinnati Zoo, February 24 Estonia declares its independence from Russia after seven centuries of foreign rule. German forces capture Tallinn on the next day, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia declare their independence from Russia as the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. March 1 – WWI, German submarine U-19 sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island, March 3 – WWI, the Central Powers and Bolshevist Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russias involvement in the war. March 6 The Finnish Army Corps of Aviation is founded as a forerunner of the Finnish Air Force to be established on 4 May 1928. The blue swastika is adopted as its symbol as a tribute to the Swedish explorer and aviator Eric von Rosen, von Rosen had painted the Viking symbol on the plane as his personal lucky insignia. March 7 – WWI, Finland forms an alliance with Germany, March 12 – Moscow becomes the capital of Soviet Russia. March 19 – The United States Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time, March 21 – WWI, First Transjordan attack on Amman by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins with the passage of the Jordan River. March 23 WWI, The giant German cannon, the Paris Gun, in London at the Wood Green Empire, Chung Ling Soo dies during his trick where he is supposed to catch two separate bullets – but one of them perforates his lung
3. Москва – Moscow is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city, Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, and scientific center of Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as the largest city entirely on the European continent. Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth and it is home to the Ostankino Tower, the tallest free standing structure in Europe, the Federation Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Europe, and the Moscow International Business Center. Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, the city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basils Cathedral with its brightly colored domes. Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia, being the site of the Moscow Kremlin, the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament also sit in the city and it is recognized as one of the citys landmarks due to the rich architecture of its 200 stations. In old Russian the word also meant a church administrative district. The demonym for a Moscow resident is москвич for male or москвичка for female, the name of the city is thought to be derived from the name of the Moskva River. There have been proposed several theories of the origin of the name of the river and its cognates include Russian, музга, muzga pool, puddle, Lithuanian, mazgoti and Latvian, mazgāt to wash, Sanskrit, majjati to drown, Latin, mergō to dip, immerse. There exist as well similar place names in Poland like Mozgawa, the original Old Russian form of the name is reconstructed as *Москы, *Mosky, hence it was one of a few Slavic ū-stem nouns. From the latter forms came the modern Russian name Москва, Moskva, in a similar manner the Latin name Moscovia has been formed, later it became a colloquial name for Russia used in Western Europe in the 16th–17th centuries. From it as well came English Muscovy, various other theories, having little or no scientific ground, are now largely rejected by contemporary linguists. The surface similarity of the name Russia with Rosh, an obscure biblical tribe or country, the oldest evidence of humans on the territory of Moscow dates from the Neolithic. Within the modern bounds of the city other late evidence was discovered, on the territory of the Kremlin, Sparrow Hills, Setun River and Kuntsevskiy forest park, etc. The earliest East Slavic tribes recorded as having expanded to the upper Volga in the 9th to 10th centuries are the Vyatichi and Krivichi, the Moskva River was incorporated as part of Rostov-Suzdal into the Kievan Rus in the 11th century. By AD1100, a settlement had appeared on the mouth of the Neglinnaya River. The first known reference to Moscow dates from 1147 as a place of Yuri Dolgoruky. At the time it was a town on the western border of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
4. Государственная тайна – Classified information is material that a government body claims is sensitive information that requires protection of confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people, a formal security clearance is often required to handle classified documents or access classified data. The clearance process requires a satisfactory background investigation. Documents and other assets are typically marked with one of several levels of sensitivity-e. g. Restricted, confidential, secret and top secret and this often includes security clearances for personnel handling the information. Although classified information refers to the formal categorization and marking of material by level of sensitivity, a distinction is often made between formal security classification and privacy markings such as commercial in confidence. Classifications can be used with additional keywords that give more detailed instructions on how data should be used or protected, with the passage of time much classified information becomes much less sensitive, and may be declassified and made public. Sometimes documents are released with information still considered confidential obscured, as in the example at right, the purpose of classification is to protect information. Higher classifications protect information that might endanger national security, Classification formalises what constitutes a state secret and accords different levels of protection based on the expected damage the information might cause in the wrong hands. However, classified information is leaked to reporters by officials for political purposes. Several U. S. presidents have leaked information to get their point across to the public. Although the classification systems vary from country to country, most have levels corresponding to the following British definitions Top Secret is the highest level of classified information. Information is further compartmented so that specific access using a word after top secret is a legal way to hide collective. Such material would cause exceptionally grave damage to security if made publicly available. The Washington Post reports in an investigation entitled Top Secret America, hold top-secret security clearances in the United States. Secret material would cause damage to national security if it were publicly available. In the United States, operational Secret information can be marked with an additional LIMDIS, Confidential material would cause damage or be prejudicial to national security if publicly available. Restricted material would cause undesirable effects if publicly available, some countries do not have such a classification, in public sectors, such as commercial industries, such a level is also called and known as Private Information
5. Спецслужба – Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment. Intelligence agencies can provide the services for their national governments. There is a distinction between security intelligence and foreign intelligence, security intelligence pertains to domestic threats. Foreign intelligence involves information collection relating to the political, or economic activities of foreign states, zegart, Flawed by Design, The Evolution of the CIA, JCS, and NSC, Stanford, Calif. Нариси з історії розвідки субєктів державотворення на теренах України / Заг, journals The Journal of Intelligence History Reports Ruiz, Victor H.2010. A Knowledge Taxonomy for Army Intelligence Training, An Assessment of the Military Intelligence Basic Officer Leaders Course Using Lundvalls Knowledge Taxonomy
6. Военная разведка – Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions. In order to provide an analysis, the information requirements are first identified. These information requirements are incorporated into intelligence collection, analysis. Areas of study may include the environment, hostile, friendly and neutral forces, the civilian population in an area of combat operations. Intelligence activities are conducted at all levels, from tactical to strategic, in peacetime, the period of transition to war, most governments maintain a military intelligence capability to provide analytical and information collection personnel in both specialist units and from other arms and services. The military intelligence capabilities interact with civilian intelligence capabilities to inform the spectrum of political, personnel selected for intelligence duties may be selected for their analytical abilities and personal intelligence before receiving formal training. Intelligence operations are carried out throughout the hierarchy of political and military activity, strategic intelligence is concerned with broad issues such as economics, political assessments, military capabilities and intentions of foreign nations. Operational intelligence is focused on support or denial of intelligence at operational tiers, operational tier is below strategic level of leadership and refers to the design of practical manifestation. Tactical intelligence is focused on support to operations at the tactical level, at the tactical level, briefings are delivered to patrols on current threats and collection priorities. These patrols are then debriefed to elicit information for analysis and communication through the reporting chain, Intelligence should respond to the needs of the commander, based on the military objective and the outline plans for the operation. The military objective provides a focus for the process, from which a number of information requirements are derived. In response to the requirements, the analysis staff trawls existing information. Where gaps in knowledge exist, the staff may be able to task collection assets to collect against the requirement, analysis reports draw on all available sources of information, whether drawn from existing material or collected in response to the requirement. The analysis reports are used to inform the planning staff. This process is described as Collection Co-ordination and Intelligence Requirement Management, the process of intelligence has four phases, collection, analysis, processing and dissemination. In the United Kingdom these are known as direction, collection, processing, many of the most important facts are well known or may be gathered from public sources. This form of collection is known as open source intelligence. For example, the population, ethnic make-up and main industries of a region are important to military commanders
7. Эмблема – An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a king or saint. Although the words emblem and symbol are used interchangeably, an emblem is a pattern that is used to represent an idea or an individual. An emblem crystallizes in concrete, visual terms some abstraction, a deity, an emblem may be worn or otherwise used as an identifying badge or patch. For example, in America, police officers badges refer to their personal metal emblem whereas their woven emblems on uniforms identify members of a particular unit. A real or metal shell, the emblem of St. James the Apostle, sewn onto the hat or clothes. In the Middle Ages, many saints were given emblems, which served to them in paintings and other images, St. Catherine had a wheel, or a sword, St. Anthony Abbot, a pig. These are also called attributes, especially when carried by or close to the saint in art. Kings and other grand persons increasingly adopted personal devices or emblems that were distinct from their family heraldry. The most famous include Louis XIV of Frances sun, the salamander of Francis I of France, the boar of Richard III of England, pisanello produced many of the earliest and finest of these. A symbol, on the hand, substitutes one thing for another, in a more concrete fashion, The Christian cross is a symbol of the Crucifixion. The Red Cross is one of three representing the International Red Cross. A red cross on a background is the emblem of humanitarian spirit. The crescent shape is a symbol of the moon, it is an emblem of Islam, the skull and crossbones is a symbol identifying a poison. The skull is an emblem of the nature of human life. A totem is specifically an animal emblem that expresses the spirit of a clan, heraldry knows its emblems as charges. The lion passant serves as the emblem of England, the lion rampant as the emblem of Scotland, an icon consists of an image, that has become standardized by convention. A logo is an impersonal, secular icon, usually of a corporate entity, since the 15th century the terms of emblem and emblematura belong to the termini technici of architecture. They mean an iconic painted, drawn, or sculptural representation of a concept affixed to houses, Emblem in this sense refers to a didactic or moralizing combination of picture and text intended to draw the reader into a self-reflective examination of his or her own life
8. Российская империя – The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring powers, the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Persia. It played a role in 1812–14 in defeating Napoleons ambitions to control Europe. The House of Romanov ruled the Russian Empire from 1721 until 1762, and its German-descended cadet branch, with 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third-largest population in the world at the time, after Qing China and India. Like all empires, it included a large disparity in terms of economics, ethnicity, there were numerous dissident elements, who launched numerous rebellions and assassination attempts, they were closely watched by the secret police, with thousands exiled to Siberia. Economically, the empire had an agricultural base, with low productivity on large estates worked by serfs. The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways, the land was ruled by a nobility from the 10th through the 17th centuries, and subsequently by an emperor. Tsar Ivan III laid the groundwork for the empire that later emerged and he tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. Tsar Peter the Great fought numerous wars and expanded an already huge empire into a major European power, Catherine the Great presided over a golden age. She expanded the state by conquest, colonization and diplomacy, continuing Peter the Greats policy of modernisation along West European lines, Tsar Alexander II promoted numerous reforms, most dramatically the emancipation of all 23 million serfs in 1861. His policy in Eastern Europe involved protecting the Orthodox Christians under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and that connection by 1914 led to Russias entry into the First World War on the side of France, Britain, and Serbia, against the German, Austrian and Ottoman empires. The Russian Empire functioned as a monarchy until the Revolution of 1905. The empire collapsed during the February Revolution of 1917, largely as a result of failures in its participation in the First World War. Perhaps the latter was done to make Europe recognize Russia as more of a European country, Poland was divided in the 1790-1815 era, with much of the land and population going to Russia. Most of the 19th century growth came from adding territory in Asia, Peter I the Great introduced autocracy in Russia and played a major role in introducing his country to the European state system. However, this vast land had a population of 14 million, grain yields trailed behind those of agriculture in the West, compelling nearly the entire population to farm. Only a small percentage lived in towns, the class of kholops, close to the one of slavery, remained a major institution in Russia until 1723, when Peter I converted household kholops into house serfs, thus including them in poll taxation
9. Барклай-де-Толли, Михаил Богданович – Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly was a Russian Field Marshal and Minister of War during Napoleons invasion in 1812 and War of the Sixth Coalition. Barclay implemented a number of reforms during this time that improved supply system in the army, doubled the number of army troops and he was also the Governor-General of Finland. He was born in a German-speaking noble family from Livonia that were members of the Scottish Clan Barclay and his father was the first of his family to be accepted into the Russian nobility. Barclay joined the Imperial Russian Army at an age in 1776. For his role in the capture of Ochakov in 1788 from the Ottomans, afterwards he participated in Catherine IIs Swedish War. In 1794, he took part in putting down the Kościuszko Uprising in Poland and was decorated for role in the capture of Vilnius. In 1806, Barclay began commanding in the Napoleonic Wars, distinguishing himself at the Battle of Pułtusk that same year and he was wounded at the Battle of Eylau in 1807 while his troops were covering the retreat of the Russian army. Because of his wounds, he was forced to leave command, the following year, he carried out successful operations in the Finnish War against Sweden. Barclay led a number of Russian troops approximately 100km across the frozen Gulf of Bothnia in winter during a snowstorm. For his accomplishments, Barclay de Tolly was appointed Governor-General of Grand Duchy of Finland, from 20 January 1810 to September 1812 he was the Minister of War of the Russian Empire. When the French invasion of Russia began in 1812, Barclay de Tolly was commander of the 1st Army of the West, Barclay was appointed Commander-in-Chief and initiated a scorched earth policy from the beginning of the campaign, though this made him unpopular among Russians. However, Kutuzov continued the scorched earth retreat up to Moscow where the Battle of Borodino took place nearby. Barclay commanded the wing and center of the Russian army for the battle. After Napoleons retreat, the success of Barclays tactics made him a hero among Russians. He became Commander-in-Chief once again in 1813 after the death of Kutuzov led the taking of Paris and his health later declined and he died on a visit to Germany in 1818. Barclay de Tolly, a member of the Scottish Clan Barclay with roots in Towie in Aberdeenshire, was born in Pamūšis, Courland and Semigallia and raised in Jõgeveste, Livonia, Russian Empire. The commonly accepted date of 27 December 1761 is actually the day of his baptism in the Lutheran church of the town Žeimelis. He was a German-speaking descendant of a Scottish family which had settled in Livonia in the 17th century, de Tolly grew up in St. Petersburg and was raised by his aunt
10. Алексей Михайлович – Aleksey Mikhailovich was the Russian Tsar during some of Russias most eventful decades in the mid-17th century. His reign saw wars with Poland and Sweden, schism in the Russian Orthodox Church, on the eve of his death in 1676, the Tsardom of Russia spanned almost 2,000,000,000 acres. Born in Moscow on 29 March 1629, the son of Tsar Michael and Eudoxia Streshneva and he was committed to the care of his tutor Boris Morozov, a shrewd boyar open to Western ideas. Morozovs pursued a foreign policy, securing a truce with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. His domestic policy aimed at relieving limiting the privileges of foreign traders and abolishing a useless, on 17 January 1648 Morozov procured the marriage of the tsar with Maria Miloslavskaya, himself marrying her sister, Anna, ten days later, both daughters of Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky. Morozov was regarded as a corrupt self-seeking 17th-century boyar and accused of sorcery, in May 1648 Muscovites rose against his faction in the Salt Riot, and the young Tsar was compelled to dismiss them and exile Boris to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. Four months later, Boris secretly returned to Moscow to regain some of his power, the popular discontent demonstrated by the riot was partially responsible for Alexis 1649 issuance of a new legal code, the Sobornoye Ulozhenie. Throughout his reign, Alexei faced rebellions across Russia, after resolving the 1648 Salt Riot Alexei faced rebellions in 1650 in the cities of Pskov and Great Novgorod. Alexei put down the Novgorod rebellion quickly, but was unable to subdue Pskov, the Metropolitan Nikon distinguished himself at Great Novgorod and in 1651 became the Tsars chief minister. As a result, angry Moscow residents revolted in the 1662 Copper Riot, in 1669, the Cossacks along the Don in southern Russia erupted in rebellion. The rebellion was led by Stenka Razin, a disaffected Don Cossack who had captured the Russian terminus of Astrakhan, from 1670 to 1671, Razin seized multiple towns along the Volga River. The turning point in his campaign was his failed siege of Simbirsk in October 1670, Razin was finally captured on the Don in April 1671, and was drawn and quartered in Moscow. Safavid troops and allies accompanied the troops, in 1653 Alexis, initially thinking about sending the Zaporozhian Cossacks, eventually decided to send an embassy to Persia for a peaceful settlement of the conflict. In August 1653 courtier Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostov and steward Ivan Komynin traveled from Astrakhan to Isfahan, shah Abbas II agreed to settle the conflict, stating that the conflict was initiated without his consent. In 1653 the weakness and disorder of Poland, which had just emerged from the Khmelnytsky Uprising, encouraged Alexei to attempt to annex from her rival the old Rus’ lands. On 1 October 1653 a national assembly met at Moscow to sanction the war and find the means of carrying it out, and in April 1654 the army was blessed by Nikon, who had been elected patriarch in 1652. The campaign of 1654 was a triumph, and scores of towns, including the important fortress of Smolensk. In the summer of 1655, the invasion by Charles X of Sweden for the moment swept the Polish state out of existence
В 1810 году и позднее переименованная). До этого существовал Тайный приказ или Приказ тайных дел , основанный при царе Алексее Михайловиче , в котором была сосредоточена деятельность по разведыванию военной и военно-политической информации.
В феврале 1921 года с целью создания единого органа управления вооружёнными силами Полевой штаб РВСР был объединён с Всеросглавштабом в Штаб РККА. Региструпр вошёл в состав вновь образованного органа.
В апреле 1921 года Регистрационное управление было преобразовано в (Разведупр) с включением в него отдела войсковой разведки. В соответствующем Положении определялось, что данная структура является центральным органом военной разведки как в военное , так и в мирное время .
В 1921–1925 годах Разведупр осуществлял так называемую «активную разведку» - руководил действиями просоветских партизанских отрядов на территориях соседних с Советской Россией и СССР государств.
В ноябре 1922 года Разведывательное управление Штаба РККА было реорганизовано в Разведывательный отдел Управления 1-го помощника начальника Штаба РККА с существенным сужением функций и сокращением штатной численности.
В 1924 году Разведывательное управление Штаба РККА было воссоздано.
В сентябре 1926 года Разведывательное управление Штаба РККА было переименовано в IV Управление Штаба РККА .
В августе 1934 года IV Управление Штаба РККА было переименовано в Информационно-статистическое управление РККА , которое в свою очередь было в ноябре 1934 года переведено в прямое подчинение Наркому обороны и переименовано в Разведывательное управление РККА .
В мае 1939 года Разведывательное управление РККА преобразовано в 5-е Управление Наркомата обороны СССР .
В июле 1940 года 5-е Управление было вновь передано в подчинение Генштабу и получило название 5 управление Красной армии .
16 февраля 1942 года приказом Наркома обороны СССР 5 управление Красной армии было реорганизовано в с соответствующим изменением структуры и штатной численности .
Приказ о реорганизации Разведывательного управления Генерального штаба Красной армии в Главное разведывательное управление Генерального штаба Красной армии № 0033 16 февраля 1942 года .
Народный комиссар обороны СССР И. Сталин
1. Реорганизовать Разведывательное управление Генерального штаба Красной армии в Главное разведывательное управление Генерального штаба Красной армии.
2. Назначить: Заместителем начальника Генерального штаба Красной армии, он же начальник Главного разведывательного управления генерал-майора танковых войск Панфилова А. Н.
Военным комиссаром Главного разведывательного управления Генерального штаба Красной армии бригадного комиссара Ильичёва И. И.
3. Главное разведывательное управление Генерального штаба Красной армии иметь в составе:
1-е Управление (агентурное) с отделами:
1-й отдел (Германский)
2-й отдел (Европейский)
3-й отдел (Дальневосточный)
4-й отдел (Ближневосточный)
5-й отдел (Диверсионный)
6-й отдел (фронт [овой], армейской и окружной разведки)
7-й отдел (оперативной техники)
8-й отдел (агентурной связи и радиоразведки)
2-е Управление (информационное) с отделами:
1-й отдел (Германский)
2-й отдел (Европейский)
3-й отдел (Дальневосточный)
4-й отдел (Ближневосточный)
5-й отдел (Редакционно-издательский)
6-й отдел (войсковой информации)
7-й отдел (дешифровальный)
Отделы Главного разведывательного управления Генерального штаба Красной армии:
Политический
Внешних отношений
Специальной связи
Специальных заданий
Кадров
Военной цензуры
Контрольно-финансовый
Материально-технического обеспечения.
4. Реорганизацию закончить к 20 февраля 1942 года.Ф. 4, оп. 11, д. 67, л. 73-74. Подлинник.
23 октября 1942 года приказом Наркома обороны СССР Главное разведывательное управление было переведено из подчинения Генеральному штабу в прямое подчинение Наркому обороны. На ГРУ возлагалось ведение всей агентурной разведки и диверсионной деятельности как за рубежом, так и на оккупированной территории СССР. Одновременно в составе Генштаба было сформировано Управление войсковой разведки Генштаба , которое руководило работой фронтовых разведорганов и войсковой разведки. Ведение агентурной разведки вновь сформированному управлению было запрещено . Такое разделение функций между двумя разведывательными службами быстро показало свою неэффективность. Приказом Наркома обороны от 19 апреля 1943 года Управление войсковой разведки Генштаба было переименовано в Разведывательное управление Генштаба , и ему было передано руководство агентурной работой и диверсионной деятельностью на оккупированной территории СССР. ГРУ Наркомата обороны СССР сохранило за собой только ведение агентурной разведки за границей .
В июне 1945 года ГРУ Наркомата обороны СССР и РУ Генерального штаба были вновь объединены в Главное разведывательное управление Генерального штаба Красной армии .
В сентябре 1947 года, в связи с реорганизацией разведывательных служб СССР, ГРУ Генштаба было упразднено. Большинство его функций и сотрудников было передано в состав недавно образованного Комитета информации , который объединил в одной структуре военную и политическую (разведка МГБ СССР) разведслужбы. Для руководства оставленными в составе Вооружённых сил органами войсковой разведки была создана относительно небольшая Разведывательно-диверсионная служба .
В январе 1949 года, в связи с возвратом функций по руководству военной разведкой Министерству вооружённых сил СССР , было восстановлено Главное разведывательное управление Генерального штаба Вооружённых сил СССР .
В 1992 году ГРУ Генерального штаба Вооружённых сил СССР со всеми разведывательными управлениями при военных округах и флотах на территории Российской Федерации вошли в состав Главного разведывательного управления Генерального штаба Вооружённых сил Российской Федерации .
До 1970-х годов руководство ГРУ размещалось в двухэтажном особняке на Гоголевском бульваре , затем, по инициативе начальника ГРУ Петра Ивашутина , построено новое здание на
Родился в 1946 г. Окончил Военно-дипломатическую академию при МО СССР. Более 20 лет проработал в органах Главного разведывательного управления (ГРУ) Генерального штаба ВС РФ. С 1992 по 1997 г. был первым заместителем начальника ГРУ ГШ ВС РФ. Во время боевых действий на территории Чеченской Республики неоднократно выезжал в зону боевых действий. В мае 1997 г., во время медобследования, предшествующего увольнению генерал-полковника Федора Ладыгина, был исполняющим обязанности начальника ГРУ. В мае 1997 г. назначен начальником Главного разведывательного управления Генерального штаба ВС РФ. Бывший начальник ГРУ Федор Ладыгин, занимавший эту должность с 1992 по 1997 г., дал следующую характеристику В.Корабельникову: "Мне приходилось принимать самое непосредственное участие в судьбе Валентина Владимировича Корабельникова и даже быть инициатором тех или иных его продвижений по службе. Он профессионал военной разведки. хорошо подготовленный теоретически и имеющий большой опыт практической деятельности в различных областях. в том числе и непосредственно на оперативной работе. Насколько я могу судить, мои оценки оказались правильными в отношении генерал-полковника Корабельникова. Мне представляется, что он достойно руководит ГРУ и успешно справляется с поставленными перед ним задачами". 20 августа 1997 г. был введен в состав Координационного межведомственного совета по военно-техническому сотрудничеству РФ с иностранными государствами. С 31 декабря 1997 г. - член Наблюдательного совета за деятельностью компаний "Росвооружение" и "Промэкспорт". В июле 1999 г. В.Корабельников получил благодарность от президента Б.Ельцина за значительный вклад в процесс урегулирования конфликта в югославском крае Косово. 6 сентября 1999 г. был включен в состав Комиссии при Президенте РФ по вопросам военно-технического сотрудничества с иностранными государствами. Женат.